,ckESpfrsm;twGif; w&kwf-jrefrm qufqHa&;zGHYNzdK;
wdk;wufrI xif&Sm;aomxl;jcm;csuf (5) &yf
    ,ckESpfrsm; twGif; w&kwf-jrefrm cspfMunfa&;
yl;aygif;qufqHrIonf pOfqufrjywf &Sifoef zGHYNzdK;
vsuf&SdNyD;? e,fy,ftoD;oD;yl;aygif;zvS,fa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;wpfaeYxufwpfaeYwdk;yGm;NyD;av;eufvmcJhMu
ygonf/w&kwfjrefrmESpfEdkifiHwGif uDvdkrDwm(2000)
ausmf &Snfvsm;aom  e,fedrdwfrsOf;aMumif;  &SdNyD;?
w&kwfEdkifiHtaejzifh qufqHa&;BuHYcdkifwnfhwHhrIESifh
tm;tifjznfhwif;rIrsm;&if0,fydkufvsufw&kwf-jrefrm
tdrfeD;csif;aumif;  cspfcifoifhjrwfpGmrdwf0wfrysuf
qufqHjcif;rIudkywf0ef;usifEdkifiHrsm;ESifhoHwrefa&;&m
qufqHrI\t"dutpdwftydkif;tjzpftpOftNrJvufcH
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ESifhtwloifhjrwf at;csrf;csrf;om<u,f0pGm aexkdif
jcif;}}[laom  aqmifyk'ft& ywf0ef;usif oHwref
qufqHa&; vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udk usifhoHk;vsuf&Sdyg
onf/jrefrmEdkifiHESifhtwlbufpHktaumiftxnfazmf
a&; vrf;aMumif;wpfcktaejzifhESpfEdkifiHonf,ck&mpk
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ay;a&;? tcsif;csif;EdkifiHa&;tjyeftvSef ,HkMunfav;
pm;rI wdk;yGm;apa&;? pD;yGm;a&; ul;oef;a&mif;0,frIudk
eufeJpGm yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;?twlwuG zHGYNzdK;wdk;
wufrIrsm; jrSifhwifa&;? ESpfEdkifiH jynfolrsm;csrf;ajrY
om,matmiftusdK;aqmifay;a&;tp&Sdonfhvkyfief;
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   ,ckESpfrsm;twGif; w&kwf-jrefrm qufqHa&;
zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIxif&Sm;aomxl;jcm;csuf (5)&yfrSm-
    (1) ESpfEdkifiHonf tqifhjrifh EdkifiHawmfacgif;
aqmifrsm; tjyeftvSef tvnftywfjyKjcif; tpOf
tvmudk qufvuf xdef;odrf;xm;onf/ (21)&mpk
twGif;0ifa&mufvmNyD;onfhaemufw&kwfEdkifiHygwDESifh
EdkifiHawmf tBuD;tuJ[lusifhaxmif?usefpDrif; tp&Sd
aom acgif;aqmifrsm;jrefrmEdkifiHodkYoGm;a&muf vnf
ywfjcif;? jrefrmEdkifiHrS tBuD;tuJrsm;vnf;  w&kwf
EdkifiHodkY vma&mufvnfywfjcif;? 4if; tqifhjrifh EdkifiH
awmfacgif;aqmifrsm;tjyeftvSeftvnftywfjyKjcif;
rsm;onf ESpfEdkifiH yl;aygif;qufqHa&; zHGYNzdK;wdk;wufrI
rsm;udk pGJNrJeuf&Idif;pGm wGef;tm;ay;cJhygonf/
     (2) pD;yGm;a&;   ul;oef;a&mif;0,frI yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufrI<u,f0aygrsm;jcif;?toGifoPXmefpHkvif
jcif;? tjyeftvSef tusdK;aus;Zl; &&Sdjcif;? twlwuG
zGHNzdK;wdk;wufrI\ aumif;rGefaom taetxm;rsm; &Sd
vmonf/
      (3) rl;,pfaq;0g; wm;jrpf wdkufzsufa&; yl;
aygif;aqmif&GufrIonftxl;wvnfxda&mufatmif
jrifrIudk &&SdcJhonf/ ,ckESpfrsm;wGif w&kwfjrefrm ESpf
EdkifiHrS &J0efxrf;rsm; &if;ESD;pGm yl;aygif; aqmif&GufrI
rsm;aMumifh rl;,pfaq;0g; rorm ukeful;olrsm;udk
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aq;0g;rsm; a&mif;csjcif; tzGJYudkvnf; NzdKcGif;EdkifcJhyg
onf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif bdef;tpm;xdk;oD;ESH pdkufysKd;rI
tydkif;¨¹ESpfEdkifiHwuf<upGmyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIonf
jzpfxGef;wdk;wufrIrsm; &&SdcJhygonf/
      (4) ,Ofaus;rI? ynma&;? usef;rma&;? tm;
upm;?owif;jyefMum;a&;?trsdK;orD;a&;&m?vli,fa&;
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4if;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;tjyeftvSef vma&muf vnfywf
jcif; ESpfpOf tBudrfaygif; (30)ausmf vIyf&Sm;aqmif
&GufcJhonf/
    (5) EdkifiHawmf tcsKyftjcmtmPm xdef;odrf;um
uG,frI? e,fajrpdk;rdk;rI jynfhpkHpGm aqmif&GufrIrsm;wGif
tjyeftvSefaxmufcHtm;ay;cJhMuonf/jrefrm tpdk;&
onf w&kwf wpfEdkifiHwnf;[laom ay:vpDudktpOf
wpdkuf vdkufemouJhodkY? w&kwftpdk;&taejzifhvnf;
jrefrmtpdk;&\ EdkifiHawmf vGwfvyfa&;xdef;odrf;um
uG,frIESifh tcsKyftjcmtmPm xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufrI
udk axmufcHtm;ay;NyD;? jynfyEdkifiHrsm;rS jrefrmh jynf
wGif;a&;0ifa&muf pGufzufrIrsm;udkw&kwftpkd;&tae
jzifh  qefYusif¨ª?  jrefrmEddkifiH jy¨®emrsm;udk jrefrm
tpdk;&ESifh jrefrmjynfolrsm;uomñSdEdIif;wdkifyif aqG;
aEG;¨ª ukd,fydkif qHk;jzwfoifhonf[k  w&kwftpdk;&
taejzifh wpfavQmufvHk; cH,lcJhonf/
     (2004) ckESpf atmufwdkbmvwGif 0efBuD;csKyf
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;pdk;0if;onf 0efBuD;csKyfwm0efxrf;aqmif
uwnf;uyifeefeif w&kwfEdkifiH-tmqD,HjyyGJodkY ESpf
Budrfwufa&mufchJNyD;?(2005)ckESpf ulrif;]r[mrJacgif
jrpf0Srf;a'o'kwd,tBudrf acgif;aqmifrsm; awGYqHkrI}
pnf;a0;yGJodkYwufa&mufcJhygonf/azazmf0g&Dv (14)
&ufaeYwGif 0efBuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfBuD;pdk;0if;onfw&kwf
EdkifiHodkYyxrOD;qHk;tBudrf w&m;0if vma&muf vnf
ywfcJhNyD;? 4if;vnfywfrIudk ESpfOD;ESpfzufpvHk;tav;
xm; *&kjyKcJhMuygonf/  ESpfOD;ESpfzuf wlnDpGm BudK;
yrf; aqmif&GufrIrsm;jzifh  ESpfEdkifiH cspfcif&if;ESD;pGm yl;
aygif; aqmif&GufrIrsm;a&SUodkYwqifhwufvSrf;jrSifhwif
Edkifrnf[k ,HkMunfMuygonf/

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