TOP 2006_4 NEXT rmwdum /4
txl;owif;ay;ykdYcsufpmrl jrifomxifomw&kwfjynf wGif;owiff;ya'om jrifomxifomEkdifiH wumowif;ya'om w&kwfjynftaMumif; owif;ay;ykdYcsuf P16-23/P24-31 tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;jrifuGif; @$ef;wifhaom,leef aysmf&TifzG,ftvnftywfc&D; pD;yGm;ukefoG,fa&; ,Ofaus;rItEkynm ynmawmfoifjum;a&; tusKd;aqmifu@ ![]() w&kwfEdkifiHonf urÇmhtBuD;qHk; yef;ref pdkufysKd;
xkwfvkyfonfh tajccHpcef; jzpfvmcJhNyDf ckefysHausmfvTm;onfh enf;pepfwdkYjzifh wdk;wuf
zGHUNzdK;vmcJhNyD;aemuf w&kwfEdkifiHonf ,cktcgwGif urÇmYtBuD;qHk;yef;refpdkufysKd;xkwfvkyfonfh tajccH pcef;jzpfvmcJhayNyD/yef;refpdkufysKd;rI{&d,mESifh xkwf vkyfonfhyrmPrSmurÇmwGifyxrtqifhae&m¨¹ &yf wnfvsuf&Sdonf/ yef;refpdkufysKd;onfh {&d,monf urÇmYyef;refpdkufysKd;rI{&d,mpkpkaygif;\1^3&Sdonf/ yef;refpdkufysKd;rIvkyfief;uGif;qufonftqufrjywf &Snfvsm;vmaomaMumifhyef;refpdkufysKd;rIvkyfief;rsm; tqufrjywf zGHUNzdK;vma&;twGuf&SifoefrItiftm; opfudk jzpfxGef;apEdkifcJhonf/ a'oEå& pD;yGm;a&; twGufvnf;tusKd;tjrwf rsm;jym;pGm &&SdvmapcJh onf/ w&kwfEdkifiHonf yef;refpdkufysKd; xkwfvkyfonfh EdkifiHBuD;tjzpfowfrSwfEdkifcJhonfrSmatmufygtcsuf tvuftao;pdwfrsm;aMumifhxif&Sm;ay:vGifvmjcif; jzpfygonf/ 1/ xkwfvkyfonfh yrmP? xkwfvkyfrIwefzdk;\
tusKd;tjrwfwdkYonf vsifjrefpGmwdk;wufvmjcif;/ w&kwfEdkifiHwGifyef;refpdkufysKd;xkwfvkyfrIudkOD;pD;vkyf udkifonfhtqifhtwef;ESifhxkwfukeft&nftaoG;onf yrmPBuD;pGmwdk;wufvmonf/xGufukefwefzdk;\ tusKd;tjrwfonfvnf;xif&Sm;pGmjrifhwufvmonf/ 2004ckESpf ESpfukeftxd wpfESpfywfvHk;a&mif;&wefzdk; pkpkaygif;rSmoef;aygif;43100,Grf jzpfonf/ wpfESpf vHk;xGufukef yrmPvnf; wnfNidrfpGm wdk;wufcJh onf/ tar&duefa':vm oef;140 &Sdygonf/ 2/vkyfief;yrmP twdkif;twmBuD;rm;jcif;ESifh oD;jcm;vkyfief;\tqifhtwef;onfvnf;odomxif &Sm;pGm jrifhrm;vmjcif;/ ayusif;? pef;wkef;? [dkay? [dkeef? uGrfwkef;? zlusefY?,Gifeef ponfh jynfe,f(NrdKU) rsm;wGif pdkufysKd;ajr{&d,m{uaxmifcsDaom tBuD;pm; yef;refpdkufysKd;rI a&SUaqmifvkyfief;BuD;rsm; rsm;jym;pGm ay:xGef;vmcJhonf/þvkyfief;rsm;onf w&kwfEdkifiH\ yef;refpdkufysKd;xkwfvkyfrI vkyfief;tm; OD;pD;vkyfudkif aqmif&GufvmcJh&mvkyfief;udk tkyfcsKyfaom 0efBuD;Xme \ vkyfief;tpnf;ta0;ukdvnf;yrmP BuD;xGm;vm atmifatmifjrifapcJhonf/oD;jcm;vkyfief;wpf&yf jzpf vmatmifa&SU&IEdkifapcJhonf/w&kwfEdkifiH\t"duyef; refpdkufysKd; xkwfvkyfonfh jynfe,f (a'o)wdkYonf enf;vrf; trsKd;rsKdk;jzifh vkyfief;wnfaxmifMu&efESifh wpfOD;csif; &if;ESD;jrSKyfESH&ef tm;ay;tm;ajrSmuf jyKyg onf/XmepHk vkyfief;pHkwdkYjzifhA[k&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrIwdkYonf pepfwus jzpfvmatmif aqmif&GufapcJhonf/2004 ckESpfxd wpfEdkifiHvHk;¨¹ yef;refvkyfief;vkyfudkifolOD;a& rSm 3.27 oef; &SdvmcJhygonf/ 3/ a'oe,fy,f jzpfxGef;vma&; pDrHcsufonf
tajccH tm;jzifh ay:xGufvmjcif;/txl;emrnfausmf aom xkwfukefwHqdyfrsm; aeYpOfESiftrQ wdk;yGm;vm onf/w&kwfEdkifiH yef;refvkyfief;\a'ojzpfxGef;vm a&; pDrHcsufonf wjznf;jznf;w&m;enf;vrf;usus yHkay:vmonf/t"duyef;refxkwfvkyfonfha'oonf yPmrtm;jzifh ay:xGufcJhNyD jzpfonf/a'o qefvm onfh ukefxkwfvkyfief;vkyfudkifonfh ,Gifeef?usef;pl;? us,fusef;? uGrfwkef;?uGrfpD;? [dkifeefwdkYonf t"du tm;jzifhtylydkif;?tylavsmhydkif;a'o\ yef;ref pdkufysKd; onfh a'ojzpfonf/usef;pl;?us,fusef;?&Sef[J wdkYudk t"duxm;onfhae&monf ,efpDjrpf jrpf0uRef;ay: a'orS yef;refysKd;yif pdkufysKd;&ma'o jzpfonf/ ay usif;? pef;wkef;? [dkay? [dkeef ponfh a'oonf ajrmufydkif;a'o yef;refrsm;pdkufysKd;a'o jzpfonf/ avsmifeifudkA[dkjyKonfht&yfrSm ta&SUajrmufydkif;rS yef;refrsm; pdkufysKd;&ma'o jzpfonf/ 4/ owif;tcsuftvufuGef&ufESifhaps;uGuf vnfywfonfhpepfonftMurf;tm;jzifhay:xGufvm jcif;/,ckrsufarSmufumv¨¹ w&kwfEdkifiHwGifyef;ref owif;tcsuftvufuGef&ufXmeaygif;300ausmf&Sd onf/tjcm;yef;refESifhywfoufaomowif;uGef&uf Xmersm;udkxnfhaygif;vdkufvQifrsm;jym;pGmaomyef;ref owif;rsm;udk&&SdEdkifonf/yef;reftajccH pcef;rsm;pGm wdkYonfvnf;uGef&ufxJrSmyif ta&mif;t0,fjzpfae Muonf/t"duyef;refpdkufysKdk;xkwfvkyfa&;a'oonf yef;reftajccHpcef;udk tajcjyK¨ª aps;uGuf zGifhay; onf/tajccHpcef;?ukefpnfzvS,faps;uGufESifh vuf um;aps;uGuf?avvHaps;uGuf?plygrwfuufwGifcsdwf quf a&mif;csonfhaps;uGuf?vwfqwfaomyef;rsm; udk tjrefta&muf ay;ydkYonfhaps;uGuf? vufvDqdkif aps;uGuf ponfwdkUonf wpfckESifhwpfckqufEG,fae aom uGef&uf jzpfvmonf/OyrmcGefrif;uodkeefyef; refaps;? ayusif;rS vIdifxdkufyef;refaps;? uGrfwkef;rS csif;cRef;yef;refurÇm?pif,ef;rSajrmufydkif;yef;NrdKUawmf? wmhvsefrSvwfqwfaomyef;refaps;uGufrsm;tm;vHk; wpkwa0; &SdaeMuonf/ 5/ odyHÜESifhenf;ynm tqifhtwef; xif&Sm;pGm
jrifhwufvmjcif;/ odyHÜynmudktrSDjyK¨ªt&nftaoG; jrSifhwifjcif;onfw&kwfEdkifiHyef;refvkyfief;\a&&Snf r[mAsL[myif jzpfonf/tNrJvdktyfaeaom yef;ref vkyfief;\enf;ynmESifhpDrHxdef;odrf;&ef vlawmf vl aumif;rsm;udktqufrjywfjyKpkysKd;axmif&efvnf;jzpf ygonf/,ckrsufarSmufumv¨¹w&kwfEdkifiHwGif yef; ref qkdif&m oD;jcm;enf;ynm uRrf;usifolyg&*l pkpk aygif;rSm wpfodef;ESpfaomif; &SdaeNyD jzpfonf/ 6/ xkwfukeftwGuf EdkifiHjcm;0ifaiGyrmPrsm; pGm wdk;wufvmjcif;/w&kwfEdkifiHrS yef;refonf EdkifiH jcm;odkY a&mif;cs&m¨¹ ESpfpOf t&Sdeft[kefjzifh wdk;wuf vmonf/,cktcgwGifw&kwfEdkifiH\yef;refrsm;onf EdkifiHESifh a'o pkpkaygif; 80-ausmfodkY wifydkYa&mif;cs EdkifcJhNyD jzpfonf/w&kwfEdkifiHonf EdkifiHwum yef;ref tzGJUxJodkYyg0ifEdkifcJhonf omru EdkifiHwum yef;ref vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGifvnf;tjyKoabm jzifhyg0ifqifETJEdkif cJhygonf/1999-ckESpfrSp¨ªurÇmhyef;refO,smOfNcH pdkuf ysKd;jyKpka&;jyyGJudkusif;ycJhNyD;aemuf EdkifiHwum yef;ref qdkif&m vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udkvnf;usif;y aqmif&GufcJhyg onf/tpdk;&ESifhtpdk;&r[kwfonfhjynfolYtzGJUtpnf; rsm;yl;aygif;zGJYpnf;xm;aomyef;refudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJY ESifhyg0ifwufa&muf jyocJhaom yef;refukefonfrsm; onf EdkifiHwumyef;refqdkif&mESifhta&mif;t0,fvIyf &Sm;rIrsm;udkyHkoPXmefrsKd;pHkjzifhw&kwfEdkifiHodkYzdwfac:¨ª &if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrIwGif yg0if aqmif&Gufapum EdkifiHwum ESifh qufoG,fa&mif;0,frIudk,cifuxuf ydk¨ª oGuf vufvmapcJhonf/vkyfief;rsm;pGmonfvnf; EdkifiHw um aps;uGufodkY wdk;csJU 0ifa&mufEdkifcJhonf/ 7/vkyfief;uGif;qufrsm; tqufrjywf &Snfvsm;
qefUxGufvmjcif;/ ,ckESpftenf;i,f twGif;rSmyif a'otoD;oD;wGif yef;refo,HZmw t&if;tjrpfudk tjynfht0 toHk;cs¨ªenf;rsKd;pHkjzifhyef;refxkwfukefudk zGYHNzdK;apcJhygonf/ atmifjrifrIrsm;vnf; &&SdcJhygonf/ yxrtaejzifhuRrf;usifrI enf;ynmopfudktoHk;jyK¨ª yef;ajcmufxkwfukefvkyfief;udk avhvmokawoe jyK EdkifcJhonf/'kwd,taejzifh yef;refudk &ku©yifukefMurf; oufoufjzifh yef;ref vufrI tEkynmvuf&mrsm;udk jyKvkyfEdkifcJhonf/ wwd,taejzifh yef;refudk aq;0g; xkwfvkyfrI¨¹ oHk;pGJjcif;? pm;oHk;jcif;? tvSjyifjcif; ponfjzifhtusKd;jzpfxGef;rI &dSatmiftoHk;csEdkifcJhonf/ pwkw¬taejzifh yef;ref&ku©yifudk t"duxm;aom ZD0 vu©PmwdkUjzifh jynfhpHkonhf c&D;oGm;&Icif;udk wnf aqmufEdkifjcif;yif jzpfayonf/ ![]() ![]() ![]() ¡¡ w&kwfEdkifiH\ tifwmeuf pDrHcefYcGJrIonf avsmfuef
oifhjrwf w&m;enf;vrf;us¨ª w&m;Oya'ESifh udkufnDonf w&kwfEdkifiHonftifwmeufzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk
umv wpfavQmufvHk;wGif vGefpGm tav;xm;cJhyg onf/tifwmeufjzifhul;vl;qufqHrIudk tqifajy acsmarGUapa&;twGufyHhydk;ay;EdkifcJhonf/w&kwftif wmeufrSxkwfay;onfhvIdif;cGiftus,frSm2000ckESpf wGif2799x&DvD,H&SdcJh&mrS ,cktcsdefwGif 136100 x&DvD,Hausmftxdwdk;jrifhay;cJhygonf/5-ESpftwGif; wGif tqaygif;48q wdk;wufvmcJhojzifh jynfwGif; jynfytifwmeufqufoG,frI ydk¨ªtqifajy acsmarGU vmcJhygonf/NyD;cJhonfhESpfukeftxdpm&if;t&w&kwf EdkifiHwGif uGef&ufpcef;aygif;ckESpfodef;ausmf txd &Sd vmNyD jzpfonf/tifwmeufoHk;pJGolodef;aygif;1100 ausmfwdkYonf tqifajy acsmarGU vsifjrefpGmjzifh tif wmeufay:rSowif;tcsuftvuf &&SdEdkifcJhygonf/ þudef;*Pef;rsm;onfqufvuf¨ªwdk;wufrsm;jym; vmOD;rnf jzpfonf/tifwmeufuzD;rsm;ysHUESHYrIonf w&kwfEdkifiH\pD;yGm;a&;zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIudkwGef;tm;ay; EdkifcJhygonf/jynfolvlxk\vkyfief;vkyfudkifrI?oif,l avhvma&;ESifh aexdkifrIb0udkvnf;tqifajyvG,f ulapcJhygonf/odkY&mwGifurÇmay:&SdEdkifiHtoD;oD;wdkY ¨¹ BuHKawGUae&onfh jy¨®emrsm;uJhodkYyif w&kwf EdkifiHwGif tifwmeufzGHUNzdK;rI&Sdvmonfhwcsdefwnf;rSm yif tifwmeufay:¨¹toHk;jyKoltwGuf tusKd;r&SdbJ xdcdkufapwwfaom?ukefukefajym&vQifOya'ESifh qefY usifaom taMumif;t&mrsm;ay:xGufvm cJhygonf/ ,if;wdkYteuftcsKdUtaMumif;t&mrsm;onfvli,f vl&G,frsm;tm;usef;rmpGmjzifh yHkrSefBuD;xGm; zGHUNzdK;vm a&;udkyg tEå&m,f jzpfapcJhygonf/ w&kwfEdkifiHjcm;a&; 0efBuD;XmerS ajyma&;qdkcGifh
&Sdol vsLusefYacsmif;u yHkrSef usif;ycJhonhf owif;pm &Sif;vif;yGJwGif xkwfazmfajymMum;cJh&mwGif-w&kwfEdkifiH tpdk;&onf tifwmeufuzD;rsm;tm;Oya'ESifhtnD pDrH cefYcJGcJhaMumif;? Oya'udk qefYusifaom vlrItusifh pm &dwåudk azmufzsufaom txl;ojzifh vli,fvl&G,frsm; tm;xdcdkufapaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk tifwmeuf ay:wGif ysHUESHYapEkdifaom tjyKtrl aqmif&GufrI wdkYudk twwfEdkifqHk; ydwfyifwm;jrpf cJhygonf/ ,if;odkY jyKrl aqmif&Gufonfh&nf&G,fcsufrSm us,fjyefY rsm;jym;aom jynfolvlxk\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk xdef;odrf;umuG,fjcif; jzpfojzifh ,if;aqmif&Gufcsufonf avsmfuefoifhjrwf w&m;enf;vrf;us¨ª w&m;Oya'ESifhvnf; udkufnDyg onf/ w&kwfEdkifiHawmf aumifpD\ jyefMum;a&;Xme
t&m&Sdu xkwfazmfajymMum;onfrSm-w&kwfEdkifiHom; rsm;onf EdkifiHwumtifwmeufuGef&ufudk vGwfvyf pGm toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/ w&kwfESifh jynfya'orsm; tMum; owif;tcsuftvuf ul;vl;qufqHrIonf tqifajyacsmarGUygonf/tcsKdUaomEdkifiHwum uGef &ufpcef;rsm;udkydwfyifwm;jrpfcJhonfhtaMumif;&if;rSm w&kwfEdkifiH\Oya'udkqefUusifaom taMumif;t&m rsm; yg0ifvmaomaMumifhjzpfaMumif;?w&kwfEdkifiHwGif Munfh&IcGifhr&aom jynfytifwmeufuGef&ufpcef;rSm ta&twGuf vGefpGm enf;yg;ygaMumif;? w&kwfESihf jynfya'orsm;tMum; owif;tcsuftvuf ul;vl; qufqHrItqifajyacsmarGUygaMumif;?jynfy&Sd emrnf xif&Sm;aom tifwmeufuzD; (0ufbfqdkuf)rsm;udk avhvmMunfh&IcGifh &&SdygaMumif; ponfjzifh tav; teuf ajymMum;cJhygonf/ ![]() ![]() ![]() ¡¡ w&kwfvkyfief;Xmersm;onf cGifhjyKcsuf&vQif
EdkifiHjcm;om;0efxrf;rsm;udk cefYxm;Edkif w&kwfEdkifiH 0efxrf;a&;&mXmeonf vkyfief;
Xmersm;rSvlod&SifMum;0efxrf;rsm;cefUxm;Edkifa&;ESifh ywfoufaom,m,DowfrSwfcsufudkxkwfjyefaMunm cJhygonf/2006-ckESpfZefe0g&Dv1-&ufaeYrSpwif¨ª vkyfief;Xmersm;rS 0efxrf;rsm;cefYxm;&mwGif vlod&Sif Mum; aMunm¨ª cefYxm;onfhpepfudk usifhoHk;aqmif &GufrnfjzpfaMumif;od&ygonf/&mxl;0eftzGJY\ oD; jcm; enf;ynm 0efxrf;rsm; pDrHcefYcGJa&; OD;pD;Xme rS nTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfuw&kwfEdkifiH\ vkyfief;Xmersm; onf cGifhjyKcsuf&&SdvQif EdkifiHjcm;om; 0efxrf;rsm;udk cefYxm;EdkifaMumif; xkwfazmfajymMum;cJhygonf/ w&kwfEdkifiH\ vkyfief;rsm;taejzifh vlod&SifMum; 0efxrf;ac:,lcefYxm;Edkifonfh t"dutcsufrsm;onf atmufygu@ 5-ckwGif xif[yfaeygonf/yxrrSm vkyfief;Xmersm; taejzifh 0efxrf;rsm; ac:,l cefYxm; &m¨¹ ay:ay:vGifvGifESihf yGifhvif;rI &Sd&rnf/ 'kwd,rSm vlod&SifMum; ac:,lcefYxm;rI aqmif&Guf&mwGif wpfck wnf;aom pHowfrSwfcsuf &Sdjcif;?trsKd;tpm;cJG¨ª vrf; nTefay;jcif;? tqifhcJG¨ª pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? aqmif&Gufonfh pepfrSm worwfwnf; &Sdjcif; wdkYjzifh nDnGwf&rnf/ pDrHcefYcJGcGifh tmPmonf tqifhvdkuf cJGxm;&rnf/rwl nDaomtvkyftudkifESifh rwlnDaom tvTm tqifhqifh wdkY\ vkyfief;Xme toD;oD;onf vlod&SifMum;0efxrf; ac:,lcefYxm;onfhtcg rdrdwdkYXme\ xl;jcm;csufudk tjynfht0 xif[yfazmfjyay; &rnf/ wnDwnGwfjzpf a&;udk twif;tMuyf rawmif;qdkoifh/wwd,taejzifh vkyfief;Xmersm;twGuf vlod&SifMum; 0efxrf;ac:,l cefYxm;a&;onf pmar;yGJ usif;yjcif;? ppfaq; avhvm jcif; paom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh aqmif&Guf&rnf/ pwkw¬ rSm pmar;yGJwGif ar;onfh taMumif;t&monf vkyfief; Xme\ xl;jcm;csufESifhtnD jzpfap&rnf/ vkyfief;cGif\ vdktyfrIudk ay:vGifpGm azmfjy&rnf/ pmar;yGJwGif ppf ar;onfh taMumif; t&monf ac:,lcefYxm;rnhf vkyf ief;cGiftwGuf vdktyfaom oD;jcm;vkyfief; A[kokw? vkyfief;twwfynm yifudk,fvu©PmESifh tvkyfwwf uRrf;rIpGrf;&nf ponfwdkYjzifh udkufnD&rnf/ tvHk;pHk wlnDaeaom bHkbmom&yfwpfckckudk owfrSwfxm;jcif; r&Sdoifh/ yOörrSm pmar;yGJ usif;yppfaq;onfh tzJGU ay:wGif rlwnfonf/vkyf ief;Xmersm;rS vlod&SifMum; 0efxrf;ac:,lrItwGuf oufqdkif&mXmerS udk,fwdkif udk,fus pmar;yGJusif;y&ef pDpOfEdkifonf/tpdk;&0efxrf; a&;&m pDrHa&;Xme?oufqdkif&m vkyfief;Xme\ txuf ¡¡ tzGJYtpnf; pDrHcefUcJGa&; XmerS pmar;yGJudk aygif;pnf;
usif;yEdkifonf/xkdYjyif vkyfief;Xmeonf oufqdkif&mrS cGifhjyKcsuf&vQif EdkifiHjcm;om; 0efxrf;rsm;udk a&G;cs,f cefYxm;Edkifygonf/ tpdk;&vufatmuf&Sd vkyfief;Xmersm;odkY 0if a&mufvmrnhf 0efxrf;rsm;\ rsufjrif pDrHcefYcJGrIESifh rsufjrifnSdEIdif;xdef;csKyfa&;u@udk tav;ay;aqmif &GufEdkif&eftwGuf ,m,D owfrSwfcsufwGif rSwfwrf; wif ppfaq;onhfpepfudk &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyxm;yg onf/ ,if;wGif t"dutm;jzifh atmufyg taMumif; t&m 3-&yf yg0ifonf/ 1/ 0efxrf;ac:,lcefYxm;jcif; pDrHudef;udk tpD&if cH wifjy¨ª rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;/rwlnDaom vkyfief; Xmersm;\ vufawGUtajctaeudk vkduf¨ª 0efxrf; ac:,lcefYxm;a&;twGuf rwlnDaomMuyfrwfppfaq; onfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;&rnf/ odkYrSom t"du wm0efcH cefYcGJonfhXmeonf xda&mufpGm vrf; nTefjcif; ESifh Muyfrwfppfaq;jcif; jyKEdkifrnf/ 2/ a'ocGJ (NrdKU)? c&dkif (c&dkiftqifhNrdKU) vuf atmuf&Sdvkyfief;Xmersm;wGif0ifa&mufvmrnfh0efxrf; rsm;ESifh oufqdkifaom pDrHudef; udk ppfaq;twnfjyK onfhpepf xm;&Sdjcif;/ ]],m,D owfrSwfcsuf}} wGif a'ocGJ (NrdKU)? c&dkif (c&dkiftqifhNrdKU) vufatmuf&Sd vkyfief;Xmersm;odkY a&muf&Sdvmrnfh 0efxrf;rsm;tm; ppfaq; twnfjyKonfh vkyfydkifcGifhukd a'ocGJESihf NrdKU tqifh&Sd 0efxrf;a&;&m XmeodkU vTJtyfxm;umc&dkif atmuf&Sdvkyfief;Xmersm;twGufvlod&SifMum;0efxrf; ac:,lcefYxm;a&;qdkif&mpDrHcefYcGJrIudk tm;jznfhaqmif &Gufay;&rnf/ 3/ EdkifiHjcm;om;0efxrf;rsm; ac:,lcefYxm;&m wGif ppfaq;twnfjyKonfh pepfxm;&Sdjcif;/vkyfief; Xmersm; taeESifh EdkifiHjcm;om;0efxrf;ac:,lcefYxm; &ef vdktyfvmvQif jynfe,ftqifh&Sd tpdk;&&mxl;0ef tzGJYrS ppfaq; twnfjyKcsufjzifh cGifhjyKay;onfh pepf xm;&Sdrnfh taMumif;&Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyxm;&rnf/xdk rSwqifh EdkifiHawmf\ oufqdkif&mowfrSwfcsufrsm; ESifhtnD ac:,lcefYxm;jcif; jyKEdkifonf/ ![]() ![]() ¡¡ ![]() |